India national cricket team From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Men in blue" redirects here. Men in blue may also refer to Police. India India cricket crest India cricket crest Test status granted 1932 First Test match v England at Lord's, London, 25–28 June 1932 Captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni Coach Zimbabwe Duncan Fletcher Official ICC Test, ODI and T20I ranking 3rd (Test) 1st (ODI) 3rd (T20) [3] Test matches – This year 472 4 Last Test match v Australia Australia at Delhi, 22–26 March 2013 Wins/losses – This year 119/149[1] 4/0 As of 31 May 2013 The Indian Cricket Team is the national cricket team of India. Governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), it is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. Although cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th-century and the first cricket club in India was established in Calcutta in 1792, India's national cricket team did not play their first Test match until 25 June 1932 at Lord's.[2] They became the sixth team to be granted Test cricket status.[3] In their first fifty years of international cricket, India proved weaker than Australia and England, winning only 35 of the 196 test matches.[4] The team, however, gained strength near the end of the 1970s with the emergence of players such as Sunil Gavaskar, Kapil Dev and the Indian spin quartet — Erapalli Prasanna and Srinivas Venkataraghavan (both off spinners), Bhagwat Chandrasekhar (a leg spinner), and Bishen Singh Bedi (a left-arm spinner). Traditionally much stronger at home than abroad, the Indian team has improved its overseas form since the start of the 21st century. It won the Cricket World Cup in 1983 under Kapil Dev, was runner-up in 2003 under Sourav Ganguly, and won the World Cup a second time in 2011 under Mahendra Singh Dhoni. It thus became only the third team after West Indies and Australia to have won the World Cup more than once.[5] It is also the first cricket team to win the World Cup on home soil. India has also been the runner-up in 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy and the joint champion along with Sri Lanka in 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, led by Ganguly in both the instances. India also won the inaugural World Twenty20 under the captaincy of Dhoni in 2007. The Indian cricket team is currently ranked third by the ICC in Tests, first in ODIs and third in T20Is.[6] Currently, Mahendra Singh Dhoni is the captain in all forms of the game while Duncan Fletcher is the coach. Under the leadership of Dhoni, the Indian team has set a national record for most back-to-back ODI wins (nine straight wins)[7] and has emerged as one of the most formidable teams in international cricket.[8] The current team contains many of the world's leading players, including Sachin Tendulkar and Virender Sehwag, who hold numerous cricketing world records.[9] Contents 1 History 2 Governing body 2.1 Selection Committee 3 Tournament history 4 Individual records 5 Team colours 6 Test cricket grounds 7 Personnel 7.1 Coaching staff 8 Statistics 8.1 Test Matches 8.2 One-Day Internationals 8.3 Twenty20 Internationals 9 Captains 10 Fan following 11 Indian women's cricket team 12 See also 13 References 14 External links History Main article: History of the Indian cricket team See also: History of cricket in India to 1918, History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945, History of cricket in India from 1945–46 to 1960, History of cricket in India from 1960–61 to 1970, History of cricket in India from 1970–71 to 1985, History of cricket in India from 1985–86 to 2000], and History of cricket in India from 2000–01 See also: India at the Cricket World Cup, List of Indian Test cricketers, and List of Indian ODI cricketers Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji was an Indian who played for the English cricket team The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721.[10] In 1848, the Parsi community in Bombay formed the Oriental Cricket Club, the first cricket club to be established by Indians. After slow beginnings, the Europeans eventually invited the Parsis to play a match in 1877.[11] By 1912, the Parsis,Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims of Bombay played a quadrangular tournament with the Europeans every year.[11] In the early 1900s, some Indians went on to play for the English cricket team. Some of these, such as Ranjitsinhji and KS Duleepsinhji were greatly appreciated by the British and their names went on to be used for the Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy- two major first class tournaments in India. In 1911, an Indian team went on their first official tour of England, but only played English county teams and not the English cricket team.[12] India was invited into The Imperial Cricket Council in 1926 and made its debut as a Test-cricket-playing-nation in 1932 led by CK Nayudu.[13] The match was given Test status despite being only 3 days in length. The team was not strong in its batting at this point and went on to lose by 158 runs.[14] The Indian team continued to improve throughout the 1930s and '40s but did not achieve an international victory during this period. The team's first series as an independent country was in 1948 against Sir Donald Bradman's Invincibles (a name given to the Australia national cricket team of that time). Australia won the five-match series, 4–0.[15] India recorded their first Test victory against England at Madras (now Chennai) in 1952.[16] Later in the same year, they won their first Test series, which was against Pakistan.[17] They continued their improvement throughout the early 1950s with a series win against New Zealand in 1956. However, they did not win again in the remainder of the decade and lost badly to strong Australian and English sides. The next decade saw India's reputation develop as a team with a strong record at home. They won their first Test series against England at home in 1961–62, and also won a home series against New Zealand. They also managed to draw home series against Pakistan and Australia, and another series against England. In this same period, India also won its first series outside the subcontinent, against New Zealand in 1967–68. Panoramic View of the Eden Gardens Stadium during IPL 2008 The key to India's bowling in the 1970s were the Indian spin quartet – Bishen Bedi, E.A.S. Prasanna, BS Chandrasekhar and Srinivas Venkataraghavan. This period also saw the emergence of two of India's best ever batsmen, Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Viswanath. Indian pitches have had tendency to support spin and the spin quartet exploited this to create collapses in opposing batting line-ups. These players were responsible for the back-to-back series wins in 1971 in the West Indies and in England, under the captaincy of Ajit Wadekar. Gavaskar scored 774 runs in the West Indian series while Dilip Sardesai's 112 played a big part in their one Test win. A graph showing India's Test match results against all Test match teams from 1932 to September 2006 The advent of One-Day International cricket in 1971 created a new dimension in the cricket world. However, India was not considerably strong in ODIs at this point and batsmen such as the captain Gavaskar were known for their defence-based approaches to batting. India began as a weak team in ODIs and did not manage to qualify for the second round in the first two editions of the Cricket World Cup. Gavaskar infamously blocked his way to 36 not out off 174 balls against England in the first World Cup in 1975, India scored just 132 for 3 and lost by 202 runs. In contrast, India fielded a strong team in Test matches and were particularly strong at home where their combination of stylish batsman and beguiling spinners were seen at their best. India set a then test record in the third Test against the West Indies at Port-of-Spain in 1976 when they chased 403 to win thanks to 112 from Vishwanath. This West Indian defeat is considered to be a watershed in the history of their cricket because it led to captain Clive Lloyd dispensing with spin altogether and relying entirely on a four-man pace attack. In November 1976 the team established another record by scoring 524 for 9 declared against New Zealand at Kanpur without an individual scoring a century. There were six fifties, the highest being 70 by Mohinder Amarnath. The innings was the eighth instance in Test cricket where all eleven batsmen reached double figures. During the 1980s, India developed a more attack minded batting line-up with stroke makers such as the wristy Mohammed Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar and all-rounder Ravi Shastri prominent during this time. India won the Cricket World Cup in 1983, defeating the then favourites West Indies in the final, owing to a strong bowling performance. In spite of this the team performed poorly in the Test arena, including 28 consecutive Test matches without a victory. In 1984, India won the Asia Cup and in 1985, won the World Championship of Cricket in Australia. Apart from this, India remained a very weak team outside the Indian subcontinent. India's Test series victory in 1986 against England remained the last Test series win by India outside the subcontinent for the next 19 years. The 1987 Cricket World Cup was held in India. The 1980s saw Gavaskar and Kapil Dev (India's best all rounder to this date) at the pinnacle of their careers. Gavaskar made a Test record 34 centuries as he became the first man to reach the 10,000 run mark. Kapil Dev later became the highest wicket taker in Test cricket with 434 wickets. The period was also marked by an unstable leadership, with Gavaskar and Kapil exchanging the captaincy several times. With 619 wickets, Anil Kumble is the world's third highest wicket taker in Tests and India's highest Test and ODI wicket taker .[18] The addition of Sachin Tendulkar and Anil Kumble to the national side in 1989 and 1990 further improved the team. The following year, Javagal Srinath, India's fastest bowler since Amar Singh made his debut. Despite this, during the 1990s, India did not win any of its 33 Tests outside the subcontinent while it won 17 out of its 30 Tests at home. After being eliminated by neighbours Sri Lanka on home soil at the 1996 Cricket World Cup, the team underwent a year of change as Sourav Ganguly and Rahul Dravid, later to become captains of the team, made their debut in the same Test at Lord's. Tendulkar replaced Azharuddin as captain in late 1996, but after a personal and team form slump, Tendulkar relinquished the captaincy and Azharuddin was reinstalled at the beginning of 1998. With the captaincy burden removed, Tendulkar was the world's leading run-scorer in both Tests and ODIs, as India enjoyed a home Test series win over Australia, the best ranked team in the world. After failing to reach the semifinals at the 1999 Cricket World Cup, Tendulkar was again made captain, and had another poor run, losing 3–0 on a tour of Australia and then 2–0 at home to South Africa. Tendulkar resigned, vowing never to captain the team again, with Sourav Ganguly appointed the new captain. The team was further damaged in 2000 when former captain Azharuddin and fellow batsman Ajay Jadeja were implicated in a match-fixing scandal and given life and five years bans respectively. This period was described by the BBC as "the Indian cricket's worst hour". However, the new core – Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid, Anil Kumble and Sourav Ganguly – swore not to let this happen to them again – and lead Indian cricket out of the Dark Ages. And the first three happily put aside personal ambition to let Ganguly lead them into a new era.[19] Since 2000, the Indian team underwent major improvements with the appointment of John Wright as India's first ever foreign coach. India maintained their unbeaten home record against Australia in Test series after defeating them in 2001. The series was famous for the Kolkata Test match, in which India became only the third team in the history of Test cricket to win a Test match after following on. Australian captain Steve Waugh labelled India as the "Final Frontier" as a result of his side's inability to win a Test series in India.[20] Victory in 2001 against the Australians marked the beginning of a dream run for India under their captain Sourav Ganguly, winning Test matches in Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies and England. The England series is also known for India's highest ODI run-chase of 325 runs at Lord's which came in the Natwest ODI Series final against England. In the same year, India were joint winners of the ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka, and then went to the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa where they reached the final only to be beaten by Australia. The 2003–2004 season also saw India play out a Test series in Australia where they drew 1–1 with world champions, and then win a Test and ODI series in Pakistan. The Indian cricket team in action in the Wankhede Stadium At the end of the 2004 season, India suffered from lack of form and fitness from its older players. A defeat in a following home Test series against Australia was followed by an ODI home series defeat against Pakistan followed by a Test series levelled 1–1. Greg Chappell took over from John Wright as the new coach of the Indian cricket team following the series, and his methods proved to be controversial during the beginning of his tenure. The tension resulted in a fallout between Chappell and Ganguly, resulting in Rahul Dravid being made captain. This triggered a revival in the team's fortunes, following the emergence of players like Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Suresh Raina, and the coming of age of players like Irfan Pathan and Yuvraj Singh. A thumping home series victory over Sri Lanka in 2005 and a drawn series with South Africa put India at 2nd place in the ICC ODI rankings. This was followed by a convincing ODI series win in Pakistan in early 2006 following a loss in the Test series, which gave India the world record of 17 successive ODI victories while batting second.[21] Towards the middle of 2006 however, a 4–1 series loss in the West Indies gave rise to a slump in India's ODI form, while they achieved a 1–0 victory in the Test series that followed, giving them their first Test series victory in the Caribbean since 1971. India's ODI form, however, slumped further with a disappointing performance in the 2006 Champions Trophy and a drubbing in the ODI series in South Africa. This was followed yet again by an initial good performance in the Tests, giving India its first Test match win in South Africa, although they went on to lose the series 2–1. This Test series was marked by Ganguly's comeback to the Indian team.[22] The beginning of 2007 had seen a revival in the Indian team's ODI fortunes before the 2007 Cricket World Cup. Series victories against the West Indies and Sri Lanka, marked by the comeback of Ganguly, and strong form by Tendulkar, and the emergence of young attacking players like Robin Uthappa saw many pundits to tip India as a real chance to do well at the 2007 Cricket World Cup. However, defeats to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka saw India fail to reach the final eight. India's traditional strengths have always been its line-up of spin bowlers and batsmen.[23] Recently, it has a very strong batting line-up with Rahul Dravid, Sachin Tendulkar and Virender Sehwag all being selected to play for the ICC World XI in the 2005 "SuperTest" against Australia. In previous times, India was unique in that it was the only country to regularly field three spinners in one team, whereas one is the norm, and of the fifteen players to have taken more than 100 wickets, only four were pace bowlers from the last 20 years.[24] However in recent years, Indian pace bowling has improved, with the emerging talents of Zaheer Khan, Irfan Pathan, Rudra Pratap Singh, Munaf Patel and Ishant Sharma many more playing in the national team. In December 2006, it played and won its first ever Twenty20 international in South Africa, becoming the most recent Test team to play Twenty20 cricket. After winning the Test series against England in August 2007, Rahul Dravid stepped down as the captain of the team following which Mahendra Singh Dhoni was made the captain of the Twenty20 and ODI team. In September 2007, it won the first ever Twenty20 World Cup held in South Africa, beating Pakistan by 5 runs in the final. Then they toured Australia with a controversial series that they lost 2–1 in test but come back for a whitewash final against them.[25] After beating Sri Lanka 2–0 in December 2009, India become the No. 1 team in the world. then retained by drawing a series to South Africa and Sri Lanka confirmed their rankings. In October 2010 India won the test series 2–0 against Australia giving them back to back series win vs them. Then they got the first drawn series in South Africa.[26] When India slipped to a 4–0 defeat to England in August 2011, England replaced India as the No. 1 Test team.[27] India's results in international matches Matches Won Lost Drawn Tied No result Inaugural Match Test[28] 469 116 149 203 1 – 25 June 1932 ODI[29] 811 401 369 - 6 35 13 July 1974 T20I[30] 45 24 19 – 1 1 1 December 2006 On 2 April 2011, India won the 2011 Cricket World Cup, defeating Sri Lanka in the final, thus becoming the second team after West Indies and Australia to win it twice, the previous win being in 1983. Gautam Gambhir and the skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni led the way with classy innings of 97 and 91*, respectively. As Sri Lanka's stalwart batsman Mahela Jayawardene scored a brilliant 88-ball 103-run century and yet ended up on the losing side, he also became the first player in World Cup final history to end up on the losing side despite scoring a century.[31] The retirement of Rahul Dravid and VVS Laxman from Test cricket in 2012 – and Saurav Ganguly before than in 2008 – signalled the end of the fabled middle order batting line up Indian had for a decade. Now, only Sachin Tendulkar, the last of the so-called "Fab Four" who resurrected Indian cricket after the infamous match fixing scandals, remains in international cricket.[19] Governing body Main article: Board of Control for Cricket in India The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for the Indian cricket team and first class cricket in India. The Board has been operating since 1929 and represents India at the International Cricket Council. It is amongst the richest sporting organisations in the world, and it sold media rights for India's matches from 2006–2010 for US$ 612,000,000.[32] It manages the Indian team's sponsorships, its future tours and team selection. The International Cricket Council determines India's upcoming matches through its future tours program. However, the BCCI, with its influential financial position in the cricketing world, has often challenged the ICC's program and called for more tours between India, Australia, Pakistan and England which are more likely to earn more revenue as opposed to tours with Bangladesh or Zimbabwe.[33] In the past, the BCCI has also come into conflict with the ICC regarding sponsorships[34] and the legitimacy of the ICC Champions Trophy. Selection Committee Main article: Indian national cricket selectors Selection for the Indian cricket team occurs through the BCCI's zonal selection policy, where each of the five zones is represented with one selector and one of the members nominated by BCCI as the Chairman of the Selection Committee. This has sometimes led to controversy as to whether these selectors are biased towards their zones.[35] The current chairman of Selection Committee is Sandeep Patil. Roger Binny, Vikram Rathore, Saba Karim and Rajinder Hans are the other members of the selection committee[36] whose terms started in September 2012 with BCCI holding the rights for a one-year extension. Tournament history World Cup record Year Round Position GP W L T NR England 1975 Round 1 6/8 3 1 2 0 0 England 1979 Round 1 7/8 3 0 3 0 0 England 1983 Champions 1/8 8 6 2 0 0 IndiaPakistan 1987 Third Place 3/8 7 5 2 0 0 Australia New Zealand 1992 Round 1 7/9 8 2 5 0 1 IndiaPakistanSri Lanka 1996 Third Place 3/12 7 4 3 0 0 England 1999 R2 (Super 6s) 6/12 8 4 4 0 0 South AfricaZimbabweKenya 2003 Runners-Up 2/14 11 9 2 0 0 West Indies Cricket Board 2007 Round 1 10/16 3 1 2 0 0 IndiaSri LankaBangladesh 2011 Champions 1/14 9 7 1 1 0 AustraliaNew Zealand 2015 - – – – – – – England 2019 - – – – – – – Total 12/12 2 titles 67 39 26 1 1 World Twenty20 record Year Round Position GP W L T NR South Africa 2007 Champions 1/12 7 4 1 1 1 England 2009 Super 8s 7/12 5 2 3 0 0 West Indies Cricket Board 2010 Super 8s 8/12 5 2 3 0 0 Sri Lanka 2012 Super 8s 5/12 5 4 1 0 0 Bangladesh 2014 - - - - - - - India 2016 - - - - - - - Total 6/6 1 title 22 12 8 1 1 Other Major Tournaments ICC Champions Trophy Asia Cup 1998: Semi Finals 2000: Runners Up 2002: Joint Champions with Sri Lanka 2004: Round 1 2006: Round 1 2009: Round 1 2013: Champions 1984: Champions 1986: Boycott 1988: Champions 1990/1991: Champions 1995: Champions 1997: Runners Up 2000: 3rd Place 2004: Runners Up 2008: Runners Up 2010: Champions 2012: 3rd Place Defunct Tournaments Commonwealth Games† Asian Test Championship Austral-Asia Cup 1998: Round 1 1999: 3rd Place 2001: Boycott 1986:Runners Up 1990:Round 1 1994:Runners Up †Cricket was played only at the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Individual records Sachin Tendulkar celebrates his 38th Test century during a match against Australia in 2008. Tendulkar holds multiple world records including the world's leading run-scorer and century maker in both Tests and ODIs.[37] Main article: Indian cricket team records Sachin Tendulkar, who began playing for India as a 16-year-old in 1989 and has since become the most prolific run-scorer in the history of both Test and ODI cricket, is easily the batsman with the most national achievements. He holds the record of most appearances in both Tests and ODIs, most runs in both Tests and ODIs and most centuries in Tests and ODIs. The highest score by an Indian is the 319 scored by Virender Sehwag in Chennai. It is the second triple century in Test cricket by an Indian, the first being a 309 also made by Sehwag although against Pakistan. The team's highest ever score was a 726/9 against Sri Lanka at Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai in 2009, while its lowest was 42 against England in 1974. In ODIs, the team's highest is 418/5 against West Indies at Indore in 2011-12. India score 413-5 in a match against Bermuda in 2007 World Cup which is the highest score ever in Cricket World Cup history. In the same match, India set a world record of the highest winning margin of 257 runs in an ODI match. India also has had some very strong bowling figures, with spin bowler Anil Kumble being a member of the elite group of 3 bowlers who have taken 600 Test wickets. In 1999, Anil Kumble emulated Jim Laker to become the second bowler to take all ten wickets in a Test match innings when he took 10 wickets for 74 runs against Pakistan at the Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi. Many of the Indian cricket team's records are also world records, for example Sachin Tendulkar's century tally (in Tests and ODIs) and run tally (also in both Tests and ODIs). Mahendra Singh Dhoni's 183 not out against Sri Lanka in 2005 is the world record score by a wicketkeeper in ODIs. The Indian cricket team also holds the record sequence of 17 successful run-chases in ODIs,[38] which ended in a dramatic match against the West Indies in May 2006, which India lost by just 1 run when Yuvraj Singh was bowled by Dwayne Bravo's full toss. Sachin Tendulkar was the first batsman to score 200 runs (He was unbeaten at 200* which he achieved from 147 deliveries) (25x4 | 3x6), in a single innings, in an ODI on 24 February 2010 against South Africa in Gwalior. On 8 December 2011, this achievement was eclipsed by compatriot Virender Sehwag, who scored 219 runs from 149 deliveries (25x4 | 7x6) versus West Indies in Indore, making the ODI double century club exclusively Indian. Team colours Since colours have made their way in International Cricket, Indian National Cricket Team has chosen blue as their primary colour and have worn one or the other shade of blue. The blue colour of their uniform has also earned them the nickname of "Men in Blue". With the advent of the World Series Cup in the 1970s, each team was to don a primary and secondary colour on their uniforms. The Indian team elected to wear light-blue as their primary colour and yellow as their secondary colour. Even during the 1999 Cricket World Cup the secondary colour on the Indian cricket team's clothing has been yellow. However, this has since been removed and replaced with the tricolour. However, in the past the Indian ODI outfits were changed to different shades of blue, mostly darker than the current,[citation needed] and the team donned purple during 1992, and then the sky blue colour for the next decade. Indian team has got a new kit from 2009 which is feroza blue with India written on it in Orange.[39] Currently, from October 2010, the team is once again using a light blue shade though not as light as the previous sky blue one, with India written in orange, and shades of the tri-colour at the sides. The kit sponsor for the Indian Cricket Team is Nike, which in 2005 bought the kit rights in a $27.2 million contract with BCCI.[40] Due to their love for blue color Nike with Board for Control of Cricket in India launched the mega campaign called "Bleed Blue" for the support of Indian team in ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 which turned out to be a huge success and people over the internet and places adopted this to cheer for India.[41] A new ultramarine blue coloured jersey of the one-day cricket team was released on 20 October 2010 .,[42] for the upcoming tours and ICC Cricket World Cup, the jersey has been designed by team's apparel and kit sponsor Nike. Previously, the Indian cricket team has worn a darker shade of blue and before that the team has worn sky blue. The vertical tri-colour band has been made on both sides in comparison to just one side in previous shirt. The name of sponsor Sahara had been removed from the chest as per ICC norms and is now on the left arm and on the right arm Nike logo is visible. The name and jersey number of the player is printed in orange at the back while on the chest the logo of BCCI is on the left side and the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 logo in white can be seen on the right side. The one-day cap was also sky blue with the BCCI logo on the front. When playing first-class cricket, in addition to their cricket whites, Indian fielders sometimes wear a sunhat, which is dark blue and has a wide brim, with the BCCI logo in the middle of the front of the hat. Helmets are coloured similarly. Some players sport the Indian flag on their helmet. The current kit sponsor for the Indian team is Nike, Inc. Test cricket grounds Main article: List of international cricket grounds in India India national cricket team is located in India Barabati Wankhede Brabourne/Gymkhana Eden Gardens Feroz Shah Kotla Gandhi Green Park KDSB/University LB Shastri M Chinnaswamy MAC Nehru PCA Sardar Patel Sawai Mansingh Sector 16 Vidarbha CA Locations of all stadiums which have hosted a Test match within India There are numerous world-renowned cricket stadiums located in India. Most grounds are under the administration of various State Cricket Boards as opposed to being under the control of the BCCI. The Bombay Gymkhana was the first ground in India to host a full-scale cricket match featuring an Indian cricket team. This was between the Parsis and the Europeans in 1877. The first stadium to host a Test match in India was also the Gymkhana Ground in Bombay in 1933, the only Test it ever hosted. The second and third Tests in the 1933 series were hosted at Eden Gardens and Chepauk. The Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi was the first stadium to host a Test match after independence, a draw against the West Indies in 1948, the first of a 5-Test series. 21 stadiums in India have hosted at least one official Test match. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of world-class cricket stadiums in India, with multiple Test venues in Lucknow, Chandigarh, Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Nagpur. Eden Gardens in Kolkata has hosted the most Tests, and also has the largest seating capacity of any cricket stadium in the world, being capable of holding more than 90,000 spectators.[43] Founded in 1864, it is one of the most historical stadiums in India, having hosted numerous historical and controversial matches.[44] Other major stadiums in India include the Feroz Shah Kotla, which was established in 1883 and hosted memorable matches including Anil Kumble's ten wickets in an innings haul against Pakistan. For the last two years, the ground has been undergoing renovation.[45] The Bombay Gymkhana hosted the first ever Test match in India which is the only Test it has hosted to date. Wankhede Stadium, established in 1974, has a capacity to hold 33,000 spectators and is currently the most popular venue in the city. It has hosted 21 Test matches. It was the unofficial successor of the Brabourne Stadium, which is also located in Mumbai. Mumbai is often considered the cricketing capital of India because of its fans and the talent it produces (see Mumbai cricket team) and thus the stadium regularly hosts major Test matches.[46] The M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chepauk is also considered to be an important historical Indian cricket ground, established in the early 1900s it was the site of India's first Test victory.[47] Stadium City Test matches Ref Eden Gardens Kolkata 37 [48] Feroz Shah Kotla Ground Delhi 31 [49] M. A. Chidambaram Stadium Chepauk, Chennai 31 [50] Wankhede Stadium Mumbai 23 [51] Green Park Kanpur 21 [52] M. Chinnaswamy Stadium Bangalore 20 [53] Brabourne Stadium Mumbai 18 [54] Sardar Patel Stadium (Gujarat) Motera, Ahmedabad 12 [55] Punjab Cricket Association Stadium Mohali, Punjab 10 [56] Nehru Stadium Chennai 9 [57] Vidarbha C.A. Stadium Nagpur 3 [58] Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium Hyderabad 3 [59] Barabati Stadium Cuttack 2 [60] Rajiv Gandhi Stadium Hyderabad 2 [61] Bombay Gymkhana Mumbai 1 [62] Gandhi Stadium Jalandhar, (Punjab) 1 [63] K. D. Singh Babu Stadium Lucknow 1 [64] Sawai Mansingh Stadium Jaipur 1 [65] Sector 16 Stadium Chandigarh, (Punjab) 1 [66] University Ground Lucknow 1 [67] Personnel This lists all the players who have played for India in the past 12 months, and the forms in which they have played. Correct as of 6 June 2013. Key C/G = Contract grade S/N = Shirt number Name Age Batting Style Bowling Style Domestic team Zone C/G Forms S/N IPL team Captain and wicket-keeper Mahendra Singh Dhoni 31 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Jharkhand East A Test, ODI, T20I 7 Chennai Super Kings Vice-captain and Middle-order batsman Virat Kohli 24 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Delhi North A Test, ODI, T20I 18 Royal Challengers Bangalore Opening batsmen Shikhar Dhawan 27 Left Hand Bat Off Break Delhi North C Test, ODI 25 Sunrisers Hyderabad Gautam Gambhir 31 Left Hand Bat Leg Break Delhi North A Test, ODI, T20I 5 Kolkata Knight Riders Ajinkya Rahane 25 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Mumbai West B Test, ODI, T20I 17 Rajasthan Royals Virender Sehwag 34 Right Hand Bat Off Break Delhi North A Test, ODI, T20I N/A[68] Delhi Daredevils Murali Vijay 29 Right Hand Bat Off Break Tamil Nadu South C Test 26 Chennai Super Kings Middle-order batsmen Cheteshwar Pujara 25 Right Hand Bat Leg Break Saurashtra West B Test Royal Challengers Bangalore Suresh Raina 26 Left Hand Bat Off Break Uttar Pradesh Central A Test, ODI, T20I 48 Chennai Super Kings Rohit Sharma 26 Right Hand Bat Off Break Mumbai West B ODI, T20I 45 Mumbai Indians Sachin Tendulkar 40 Right Hand Bat Leg Break/Off Break Mumbai West A Test 10 Mumbai Indians Manoj Tiwary 27 Right Hand Bat Leg Break Bengal East C ODI, T20I 90 Kolkata Knight Riders All-rounders Ravindra Jadeja 24 Left Hand Bat Slow Left Arm Saurashtra West B Test, ODI, T20I 8 Chennai Super Kings Irfan Pathan 28 Left Hand Bat Left Medium Fast Baroda West B ODI, T20I 56 Delhi Daredevils Yuvraj Singh 31 Left Hand Bat Slow Left Arm Punjab North A Test, ODI, T20I 12 Pune Warriors Wicket-keepers Dinesh Karthik 28 Right Hand Bat Tamil Nadu South C ODI 19 Mumbai Indians Pace bowlers Shami Ahmed 23 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Bengal East – ODI 11 Kolkata Knight Riders Parvinder Awana 26 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Medium Delhi North – T20I 43 Kings XI Punjab Lakshmipathy Balaji 31 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Tamil Nadu South C T20I 55 Kolkata Knight Riders Ashok Dinda 29 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Medium Bengal East C ODI, T20I 2 Pune Warriors Zaheer Khan 34 Right Hand Bat Left Fast Medium Mumbai West A Test, ODI, T20I 34 Royal Challengers Bangalore Bhuvneshwar Kumar 22 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Uttar Pradesh Central – Test, ODI, T20I 15 Pune Warriors Ishant Sharma 24 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Medium Delhi North B Test, ODI, T20I 1 Sunrisers Hyderabad Umesh Yadav 25 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Vidarbha Central B Test, ODI, T20I 73 Delhi Daredevils Spin bowlers Ravichandran Ashwin 26 Right Hand Bat Off Break Tamil Nadu South A Test, ODI, T20I 99 Chennai Super Kings Piyush Chawla 24 Left Hand Bat Leg Break Uttar Pradesh Central C Test, T20I 24 Kings XI Punjab Pragyan Ojha 26 Left Hand Bat Slow Left Arm Hyderabad South B Test, ODI 30 Mumbai Indians Rahul Sharma 26 Right Hand Bat Leg Break Punjab North C ODI 4 Pune Warriors Harbhajan Singh 32 Right Hand Bat Off Break Punjab North B Test, T20I 3 Mumbai Indians Other contracted players This lists other players who have not played for India in the past year but hold a Central Contract by BCCI. Name Age Batting Style Bowling Style Domestic team Zone C/G S/N IPL team Opening batsmen Abhinav Mukund 23 Left Hand Bat Leg Break Tamil Nadu South C Royal Challengers Bangalore Middle-order batsmen Subramaniam Badrinath 32 Right Hand Bat Off Break Tamil Nadu South C 33 Chennai Super Kings Ambati Rayudu 27 Right Hand Bat Off Break Baroda West C Mumbai Indians All-rounders Yusuf Pathan 30 Right Hand Bat Off Break Baroda West C 27 Kolkata Knight Riders Wicket-keepers Parthiv Patel 28 Left Hand Bat Gujarat West C 42 Sunrisers Hyderabad Wriddhiman Saha 28 Right Hand Bat Bengal East C 6 Chennai Super Kings Pace bowlers Varun Aaron 23 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Jharkhand East C 77 Delhi Daredevils Praveen Kumar 26 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Uttar Pradesh Central C 8 Kings XI Punjab Vinay Kumar 29 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Karnataka South C 23 Royal Challengers Bangalore Abhimanyu Mithun 23 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Karnataka South C 25 Royal Challengers Bangalore Munaf Patel 29 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Baroda West C 13 Mumbai Indians Sreesanth 30 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Medium Kerala South C 36 Rajasthan Royals Spin bowlers Amit Mishra 30 Right Hand Bat Leg Break Haryana North C 9 Sunrisers Hyderabad The BCCI awards central contracts to its players, its pay graded according to the importance of the player. Players' salaries are as follows: Grade A – INR1 Crore per annum ($180,000) Grade B – INR50 Lakhs per annum ($90,000) Grade C – INR25 Lakhs per annum ($45,000) Coaching staff Head coach: Duncan Fletcher Bowling coach: John Dawes Mental conditioning coach: Vacant Fielding coach: Trevor Penney Fitness trainer: Ramji Srinivasan Head Physiotherapist: Evan Speechly Masseur: Ramesh Mane Performance analyst: C.K.M. Dhananjai Statistics Test Matches Test record versus other nations[69] vs Test nations Opponent M W L T D W/L Ratio v Australia 86 24 38 1 23 0.63 v Bangladesh 7 6 0 0 1 – v England 107 20 40 0 47 0.50 v New Zealand 52 18 9 0 25 2.00 v Pakistan 59 9 12 0 38 0.75 v South Africa 27 7 12 0 8 0.58 v Sri Lanka 35 14 6 0 15 2.33 v West Indies 88 14 30 0 44 0.47 v Zimbabwe 11 7 2 0 2 3.50 Total 472 119 149 1 203 0.8 Most Test runs for India[70] Player Runs Average Sachin Tendulkar 15,837 53.86 Rahul Dravid 13,265 52.63 Sunil Gavaskar 10,122 51.12 V. V. S. Laxman 8,781 45.97 Virender Sehwag 8,503 49.43 Sourav Ganguly 7,212 42.17 Dilip Vengsarkar 6,868 42.13 Mohammad Azharuddin 6,215 45.03 Gundappa Vishwanath 6,080 41.93 Kapil Dev 5,248 31.05 Most Test wickets for India[71] Player Wickets Average Anil Kumble 619 29.65 Kapil Dev 434 29.64 Harbhajan Singh 413 32.37 Zaheer Khan 295 32.35 Bishen Singh Bedi 266 28.71 Bhagwat Chandrasekhar 242 29.74 Javagal Srinath 236 30.49 Erapalli Prasanna 189 30.38 Vinoo Mankad 162 32.32 S. Venkataraghavan 156 36.11 One-Day Internationals ODI record versus other nations[72] The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win vs Test nations Opponent M W L T NR Win % v Australia 109 37 64 0 8 36.63 v Bangladesh 24 21 3 0 0 87.50 v England 86 46 35 2 3 56.62 v New Zealand 88 46 37 0 5 55.42 v Pakistan 124 49 71 0 4 40.83 v South Africa 66 24 40 0 2 37.50 v Sri Lanka 139 75 52 1 11 58.98 v West Indies 106 46 57 1 2 44.71 v Zimbabwe 51 39 10 2 0 78.43 v {Associate Members} 24 22 2 0 0 91.66 Total 817 405 371 6 35 52.17 Most ODI runs for India[73] As of 29 January 2013 Player Runs Average Sachin Tendulkar 18,426 44.83 Sourav Ganguly 11,221 40.95 Rahul Dravid 10,768 39.15 Mohammad Azharuddin 9378 36.92 Yuvraj Singh 8119 36.90 Virender Sehwag 7995 35.37 M. S. Dhoni 7085 51.34 Ajay Jadeja 5359 37.47 Gautam Gambhir 5238 39.68 Navjot Sidhu 4413 37.08 Most ODI wickets for India[74] Player Wickets Average Anil Kumble 334 30.83 Javagal Srinath 315 28.08 Ajit Agarkar 288 27.85 Zaheer Khan 265 29.70 Harbhajan Singh 255 33.52 Kapil Dev 253 27.45 Venkatesh Prasad 196 32.30 Irfan Pathan 165 29.89 Manoj Prabhakar 157 28.87 Ashish Nehra 155 31.60 Twenty20 Internationals T20I record versus other nations[75] vs Test nations Opponent M W L T NR Win % v Australia 7 3 4 0 0 42.86 v Bangladesh 1 1 0 0 0 100 v England 7 3 4 0 0 42.85 v New Zealand 4 0 4 0 0 0 v Pakistan 5 3 1 1 0 70.00 v South Africa 7 5 2 0 0 71.42 v Sri Lanka 5 3 2 0 0 60.00 v West Indies 3 1 2 0 0 33.33 v Zimbabwe 2 2 0 0 0 100 v {Associate Members} 4 3 0 0 1 100 Total 45 24 19 1 1 53.33 Most T20I runs for India[76] Player Runs Average Gautam Gambhir 932 27.41 Suresh Raina 840 33.60 Yuvraj Singh 791 30.42 M. S. Dhoni 748 31.16 Virat Kohli 558 34.87 Rohit Sharma 531 29.50 Most T20I wickets for India[77] Player Wickets Average Irfan Pathan 28 22.07 Yuvraj Singh 23 16.21 Harbhajan Singh 22 26.04 Ashok Dinda 17 14.41 Zaheer Khan 17 26.35 R. P. Singh 15 15.00 Players in bold text are still active with India. Captains Main article: List of India national cricket captains Sourav Ganguly holds the record for most Tests as India captain (49) and most wins (21).[78] Rahul Dravid served as the captain of the Indian cricket team from 2005 to 2007. Twenty-eight men have captained the Indian cricket team in at least 1 Test match, although only 6 have led the team in more than 25 matches, and 5 have captained the team in ODIs but not Tests. India's first captain was CK Nayudu, who led the team in four matches against England, one in England in 1932 and a series of 3 matches at home in 1933/4. Lala Amarnath, India's fourth captain, led the team in its first Test match after Indian independence. He also captained the side to its first Test victory and first series win, both in a 3-match series at home against Pakistan in 1952/3. The Nawab of Pataudi was captain for 36 matches from 1961/2 to 1969/70, returning for a final 4 matches against West Indies in 1974/5. India played its first ODI in 1974, under the captaincy of Ajit Wadekar. India won its first ODI under the captaincy of Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan in the 1975 Cricket World Cup, against East Africa. Sunil Gavaskar took over as Test and ODI captain in the late 1979s and early 1980s, leading India in 47 Test matches and 38 ODIs, winning 9 Tests and 14 ODIs. He was succeeded by Kapil Dev in the 1980s, who continued for 34 Test matches, including 4 victories. Kapil Dev led India to victory in 40 of his 74 ODIs in charge, including the 1983 Cricket World Cup. File:Stumping edited.jpg Mahendra Singh Dhoni (blue helmet) serves as the current captain and wicketkeeper of the Indian cricket team. Dilip Vengsarkar took over the captaincy from Kapil Dev after the 1987 Cricket World Cup. Although he started with two centuries in his first series as captain, his captaincy period was turbulent[citation needed] and he lost the job following a disastrous tour of the West Indies in early 1989 and a stand-off with the Indian cricket board (BCCI). Krishnamachari Srikkanth was made the captain of the Indian team in 1989.He was the captain of the team for India's tour of Pakistan in 1989 and managed to draw all the four Tests of the series. Because of his batting failures in the series[citation needed],the selectors dropped him and made Mohammad Azharuddin captain of the Indian team. India has had six regular Test captains since Mohammad Azharuddin took charge in 1989. Azharuddin led the team in 47 Test matches from 1989/90 to 1998/9, winning 14, and in 173 ODIs, winning 89. He was followed by Sachin Tendulkar, who captained India in 25 Test matches and 73 ODIs in the late 1990s; Tendulkar was relatively unsuccessful[citation needed] as a captain, winning only 4 Test matches and 23 ODIs. He was replaced as ODI captain by Ajay Jadeja and then Sourav Ganguly; Ganguly became the regular captain in both forms of cricket in 2000. Ganguly remained captain for the first 5 years of the 2000s and was the most successful captain, winning 21 of his 49 Test matches in charge and 73 of his 141 ODIs. He even lead India to the final of the ICC Cricket World Cup in 2003. Rahul Dravid took over as Test captain in 2005. In his fourth full series in charge, he led India to victory in the West Indies, the first instance of India winning in the Caribbean in over 30 years. In September 2007, Mahendra Singh Dhoni was named as the new captain of the Twenty20 and ODI team after Dravid stepped down from the post. Anil Kumble was appointed Test captain in November 2007, but retired from international cricket in November 2008 after the 3rd Test between India and Australia. Dhoni succeeded him as the test captain, making him the official captain in all forms of cricket. Fan following Main article: Cricket in India Supporters of the Indian cricket team wave the Indian flag during match between India and Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Due to large Indian diaspora in nations like Australia, South Africa, and England, a large Indian fan turnout is expected whenever India plays in each of these nations. There have been a number of official fan groups that have been formed over the years, including the Swami Army or Bharat Army, the Indian equivalent of the Barmy Army, that were very active in their support when India toured Australia in 2003/2004. They are known to attribute a number of popular Indian songs to the cricket team.[79] Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary a fan of the Indian Cricket team, travels to all Indian home games with his body painted as the Indian Flag. Fan rivalry and cross-border tension has created a strong rivalry between the Indian cricket team and the Pakistani cricket team. . In tours between these two nations, cricket visas are often employed to accommodate for the tens of thousands of fans wishing to cross the border to watch cricket. This intense fan dedication is one of the major causes of the Indian Cricket Board's (BCCI) financial success.[80] However, there are downsides to having such a cricket-loving population. Many Indians hold cricket very close to their hearts and losses are not received well by the Indian population. In some cases, particularly after losses to Pakistan or after a long string of weak performances, there have been reports of player effigies being burnt in the streets and vandalism of player homes.[81] In many cases, players have come under intense attention from the media for negative reasons, this has been considered as one of the reasons for Sourav Ganguly being left out of the Indian team. At times, when a match is surrounded by controversy, it has resulted in a debacle. For example, when India slid to defeat against Australia at Brabourne Stadium in 1969, fans began throwing stones and bottles onto the field as well as setting fire to the stands, before laying siege to the Australian dressing rooms. During the same tour, a stampede occurred at Eden Gardens when tickets were oversold and India fell to another loss; the Australian team bus was later stoned with bricks.[82] A similar event occurred during the 1996 Cricket World Cup, where India were losing the semi-final to Sri Lanka at Eden Gardens. In this case, the fan behaviour was directed at the Indian team in disappointment at their lacklustre performance. An armed guard had to be placed at the home of captain Mohammad Azharuddin to ensure his safety.[82] Indian fans have also been passionate in their following of Sachin Tendulkar, who has been commonly thought of as one of the best batsmen in the world. Glorified for the bulk of his career, a riot occurred in early 1999 in a Test against Pakistan at Eden Gardens after a collision with Pakistani paceman Shoaib Akhtar saw him run out, forcing police to eject spectators and the game to be played in an empty stadium. Although in 2006, a string of low scores resulted in Tendulkar being booed by the Mumbai crowd when he got out against England[83] Often, fans engage in protests regarding players if they believe that regionalism has affected selection, or because of regional partisan support for local players. In 2005, when Sourav Ganguly was dropped due to lack of form, Ganguly's home state of West Bengal erupted in protests.[84] India later played a match against South Africa in Kolkata, West Bengal. The Indian team was booed by the Bengali crowd who supported South Africa instead of India in response to Ganguly's dropping. Similar regional divisions in India regarding selection have also caused protests against the team, with political activists from the regional Kalinga Kamgar Sena party in Odisha disrupting the arrival of the team in Cuttack for an ODI over the lack of a local player in the team, with one activist manhandling coach Greg Chappell.[85] Similar treatment was handed to India's Marathi captain Sunil Gavaskar in the 1980s by Bengali crowds, with consecutive Tests in Calcutta requiring police intervention due to crowd rioting.[83] However, it should be noted that a successful string of results, victories against arch-rivals Pakistan or victory in major tournaments such as the World Cup are greeted with particular ecstasy from the Indian fans.[86] Indian women's cricket team Eight female cricketers stand on a field. Two players are in red practice jerseys; three other players in red jerseys are facing toward them; a player in a blue shirt is facing away and hides another player in a blue game shirt. In the upper left corner is a fan with an Indian flag. Members of the Indian cricket team before a Women's Cricket World Cup game in Sydney Main article: Indian women's cricket team The Indian women's cricket team has a much lower profile than the men's team. For all national women's cricket teams, the female players are paid much less their male counterparts, and the women's teams do not receive as much popular support or recognition as the men's team. The women's teams also have a less packed schedule compared to men's teams and play fewer matches. The Indian women's cricket team played its first Test match in 1976/7, when they drew with the West Indies in a six-match series. The Women's Cricket World Cup was held in India in 1978 and featured 4 teams. India lost both the matches they have played. Their next appearance in the Test and ODI circuit was against Australia in 1984, in which the Test series was tied but the ODI series was lost in a whitewash. The Indian women's cricket team has since picked up their form, reaching the finals in the last World Cup, but then losing to Australia. The Women's Asia Cup of 2005–06 was won by India, who beat Sri Lanka in the final. They also beat the West Indies in the 2004–05 season, winning the 5 ODI series 5–0.
Monday, 24 June 2013
India national cricket team
India national cricket team From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Men in blue" redirects here. Men in blue may also refer to Police. India India cricket crest India cricket crest Test status granted 1932 First Test match v England at Lord's, London, 25–28 June 1932 Captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni Coach Zimbabwe Duncan Fletcher Official ICC Test, ODI and T20I ranking 3rd (Test) 1st (ODI) 3rd (T20) [3] Test matches – This year 472 4 Last Test match v Australia Australia at Delhi, 22–26 March 2013 Wins/losses – This year 119/149[1] 4/0 As of 31 May 2013 The Indian Cricket Team is the national cricket team of India. Governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), it is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. Although cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th-century and the first cricket club in India was established in Calcutta in 1792, India's national cricket team did not play their first Test match until 25 June 1932 at Lord's.[2] They became the sixth team to be granted Test cricket status.[3] In their first fifty years of international cricket, India proved weaker than Australia and England, winning only 35 of the 196 test matches.[4] The team, however, gained strength near the end of the 1970s with the emergence of players such as Sunil Gavaskar, Kapil Dev and the Indian spin quartet — Erapalli Prasanna and Srinivas Venkataraghavan (both off spinners), Bhagwat Chandrasekhar (a leg spinner), and Bishen Singh Bedi (a left-arm spinner). Traditionally much stronger at home than abroad, the Indian team has improved its overseas form since the start of the 21st century. It won the Cricket World Cup in 1983 under Kapil Dev, was runner-up in 2003 under Sourav Ganguly, and won the World Cup a second time in 2011 under Mahendra Singh Dhoni. It thus became only the third team after West Indies and Australia to have won the World Cup more than once.[5] It is also the first cricket team to win the World Cup on home soil. India has also been the runner-up in 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy and the joint champion along with Sri Lanka in 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, led by Ganguly in both the instances. India also won the inaugural World Twenty20 under the captaincy of Dhoni in 2007. The Indian cricket team is currently ranked third by the ICC in Tests, first in ODIs and third in T20Is.[6] Currently, Mahendra Singh Dhoni is the captain in all forms of the game while Duncan Fletcher is the coach. Under the leadership of Dhoni, the Indian team has set a national record for most back-to-back ODI wins (nine straight wins)[7] and has emerged as one of the most formidable teams in international cricket.[8] The current team contains many of the world's leading players, including Sachin Tendulkar and Virender Sehwag, who hold numerous cricketing world records.[9] Contents 1 History 2 Governing body 2.1 Selection Committee 3 Tournament history 4 Individual records 5 Team colours 6 Test cricket grounds 7 Personnel 7.1 Coaching staff 8 Statistics 8.1 Test Matches 8.2 One-Day Internationals 8.3 Twenty20 Internationals 9 Captains 10 Fan following 11 Indian women's cricket team 12 See also 13 References 14 External links History Main article: History of the Indian cricket team See also: History of cricket in India to 1918, History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945, History of cricket in India from 1945–46 to 1960, History of cricket in India from 1960–61 to 1970, History of cricket in India from 1970–71 to 1985, History of cricket in India from 1985–86 to 2000], and History of cricket in India from 2000–01 See also: India at the Cricket World Cup, List of Indian Test cricketers, and List of Indian ODI cricketers Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji was an Indian who played for the English cricket team The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721.[10] In 1848, the Parsi community in Bombay formed the Oriental Cricket Club, the first cricket club to be established by Indians. After slow beginnings, the Europeans eventually invited the Parsis to play a match in 1877.[11] By 1912, the Parsis,Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims of Bombay played a quadrangular tournament with the Europeans every year.[11] In the early 1900s, some Indians went on to play for the English cricket team. Some of these, such as Ranjitsinhji and KS Duleepsinhji were greatly appreciated by the British and their names went on to be used for the Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy- two major first class tournaments in India. In 1911, an Indian team went on their first official tour of England, but only played English county teams and not the English cricket team.[12] India was invited into The Imperial Cricket Council in 1926 and made its debut as a Test-cricket-playing-nation in 1932 led by CK Nayudu.[13] The match was given Test status despite being only 3 days in length. The team was not strong in its batting at this point and went on to lose by 158 runs.[14] The Indian team continued to improve throughout the 1930s and '40s but did not achieve an international victory during this period. The team's first series as an independent country was in 1948 against Sir Donald Bradman's Invincibles (a name given to the Australia national cricket team of that time). Australia won the five-match series, 4–0.[15] India recorded their first Test victory against England at Madras (now Chennai) in 1952.[16] Later in the same year, they won their first Test series, which was against Pakistan.[17] They continued their improvement throughout the early 1950s with a series win against New Zealand in 1956. However, they did not win again in the remainder of the decade and lost badly to strong Australian and English sides. The next decade saw India's reputation develop as a team with a strong record at home. They won their first Test series against England at home in 1961–62, and also won a home series against New Zealand. They also managed to draw home series against Pakistan and Australia, and another series against England. In this same period, India also won its first series outside the subcontinent, against New Zealand in 1967–68. Panoramic View of the Eden Gardens Stadium during IPL 2008 The key to India's bowling in the 1970s were the Indian spin quartet – Bishen Bedi, E.A.S. Prasanna, BS Chandrasekhar and Srinivas Venkataraghavan. This period also saw the emergence of two of India's best ever batsmen, Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Viswanath. Indian pitches have had tendency to support spin and the spin quartet exploited this to create collapses in opposing batting line-ups. These players were responsible for the back-to-back series wins in 1971 in the West Indies and in England, under the captaincy of Ajit Wadekar. Gavaskar scored 774 runs in the West Indian series while Dilip Sardesai's 112 played a big part in their one Test win. A graph showing India's Test match results against all Test match teams from 1932 to September 2006 The advent of One-Day International cricket in 1971 created a new dimension in the cricket world. However, India was not considerably strong in ODIs at this point and batsmen such as the captain Gavaskar were known for their defence-based approaches to batting. India began as a weak team in ODIs and did not manage to qualify for the second round in the first two editions of the Cricket World Cup. Gavaskar infamously blocked his way to 36 not out off 174 balls against England in the first World Cup in 1975, India scored just 132 for 3 and lost by 202 runs. In contrast, India fielded a strong team in Test matches and were particularly strong at home where their combination of stylish batsman and beguiling spinners were seen at their best. India set a then test record in the third Test against the West Indies at Port-of-Spain in 1976 when they chased 403 to win thanks to 112 from Vishwanath. This West Indian defeat is considered to be a watershed in the history of their cricket because it led to captain Clive Lloyd dispensing with spin altogether and relying entirely on a four-man pace attack. In November 1976 the team established another record by scoring 524 for 9 declared against New Zealand at Kanpur without an individual scoring a century. There were six fifties, the highest being 70 by Mohinder Amarnath. The innings was the eighth instance in Test cricket where all eleven batsmen reached double figures. During the 1980s, India developed a more attack minded batting line-up with stroke makers such as the wristy Mohammed Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar and all-rounder Ravi Shastri prominent during this time. India won the Cricket World Cup in 1983, defeating the then favourites West Indies in the final, owing to a strong bowling performance. In spite of this the team performed poorly in the Test arena, including 28 consecutive Test matches without a victory. In 1984, India won the Asia Cup and in 1985, won the World Championship of Cricket in Australia. Apart from this, India remained a very weak team outside the Indian subcontinent. India's Test series victory in 1986 against England remained the last Test series win by India outside the subcontinent for the next 19 years. The 1987 Cricket World Cup was held in India. The 1980s saw Gavaskar and Kapil Dev (India's best all rounder to this date) at the pinnacle of their careers. Gavaskar made a Test record 34 centuries as he became the first man to reach the 10,000 run mark. Kapil Dev later became the highest wicket taker in Test cricket with 434 wickets. The period was also marked by an unstable leadership, with Gavaskar and Kapil exchanging the captaincy several times. With 619 wickets, Anil Kumble is the world's third highest wicket taker in Tests and India's highest Test and ODI wicket taker .[18] The addition of Sachin Tendulkar and Anil Kumble to the national side in 1989 and 1990 further improved the team. The following year, Javagal Srinath, India's fastest bowler since Amar Singh made his debut. Despite this, during the 1990s, India did not win any of its 33 Tests outside the subcontinent while it won 17 out of its 30 Tests at home. After being eliminated by neighbours Sri Lanka on home soil at the 1996 Cricket World Cup, the team underwent a year of change as Sourav Ganguly and Rahul Dravid, later to become captains of the team, made their debut in the same Test at Lord's. Tendulkar replaced Azharuddin as captain in late 1996, but after a personal and team form slump, Tendulkar relinquished the captaincy and Azharuddin was reinstalled at the beginning of 1998. With the captaincy burden removed, Tendulkar was the world's leading run-scorer in both Tests and ODIs, as India enjoyed a home Test series win over Australia, the best ranked team in the world. After failing to reach the semifinals at the 1999 Cricket World Cup, Tendulkar was again made captain, and had another poor run, losing 3–0 on a tour of Australia and then 2–0 at home to South Africa. Tendulkar resigned, vowing never to captain the team again, with Sourav Ganguly appointed the new captain. The team was further damaged in 2000 when former captain Azharuddin and fellow batsman Ajay Jadeja were implicated in a match-fixing scandal and given life and five years bans respectively. This period was described by the BBC as "the Indian cricket's worst hour". However, the new core – Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid, Anil Kumble and Sourav Ganguly – swore not to let this happen to them again – and lead Indian cricket out of the Dark Ages. And the first three happily put aside personal ambition to let Ganguly lead them into a new era.[19] Since 2000, the Indian team underwent major improvements with the appointment of John Wright as India's first ever foreign coach. India maintained their unbeaten home record against Australia in Test series after defeating them in 2001. The series was famous for the Kolkata Test match, in which India became only the third team in the history of Test cricket to win a Test match after following on. Australian captain Steve Waugh labelled India as the "Final Frontier" as a result of his side's inability to win a Test series in India.[20] Victory in 2001 against the Australians marked the beginning of a dream run for India under their captain Sourav Ganguly, winning Test matches in Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies and England. The England series is also known for India's highest ODI run-chase of 325 runs at Lord's which came in the Natwest ODI Series final against England. In the same year, India were joint winners of the ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka, and then went to the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa where they reached the final only to be beaten by Australia. The 2003–2004 season also saw India play out a Test series in Australia where they drew 1–1 with world champions, and then win a Test and ODI series in Pakistan. The Indian cricket team in action in the Wankhede Stadium At the end of the 2004 season, India suffered from lack of form and fitness from its older players. A defeat in a following home Test series against Australia was followed by an ODI home series defeat against Pakistan followed by a Test series levelled 1–1. Greg Chappell took over from John Wright as the new coach of the Indian cricket team following the series, and his methods proved to be controversial during the beginning of his tenure. The tension resulted in a fallout between Chappell and Ganguly, resulting in Rahul Dravid being made captain. This triggered a revival in the team's fortunes, following the emergence of players like Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Suresh Raina, and the coming of age of players like Irfan Pathan and Yuvraj Singh. A thumping home series victory over Sri Lanka in 2005 and a drawn series with South Africa put India at 2nd place in the ICC ODI rankings. This was followed by a convincing ODI series win in Pakistan in early 2006 following a loss in the Test series, which gave India the world record of 17 successive ODI victories while batting second.[21] Towards the middle of 2006 however, a 4–1 series loss in the West Indies gave rise to a slump in India's ODI form, while they achieved a 1–0 victory in the Test series that followed, giving them their first Test series victory in the Caribbean since 1971. India's ODI form, however, slumped further with a disappointing performance in the 2006 Champions Trophy and a drubbing in the ODI series in South Africa. This was followed yet again by an initial good performance in the Tests, giving India its first Test match win in South Africa, although they went on to lose the series 2–1. This Test series was marked by Ganguly's comeback to the Indian team.[22] The beginning of 2007 had seen a revival in the Indian team's ODI fortunes before the 2007 Cricket World Cup. Series victories against the West Indies and Sri Lanka, marked by the comeback of Ganguly, and strong form by Tendulkar, and the emergence of young attacking players like Robin Uthappa saw many pundits to tip India as a real chance to do well at the 2007 Cricket World Cup. However, defeats to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka saw India fail to reach the final eight. India's traditional strengths have always been its line-up of spin bowlers and batsmen.[23] Recently, it has a very strong batting line-up with Rahul Dravid, Sachin Tendulkar and Virender Sehwag all being selected to play for the ICC World XI in the 2005 "SuperTest" against Australia. In previous times, India was unique in that it was the only country to regularly field three spinners in one team, whereas one is the norm, and of the fifteen players to have taken more than 100 wickets, only four were pace bowlers from the last 20 years.[24] However in recent years, Indian pace bowling has improved, with the emerging talents of Zaheer Khan, Irfan Pathan, Rudra Pratap Singh, Munaf Patel and Ishant Sharma many more playing in the national team. In December 2006, it played and won its first ever Twenty20 international in South Africa, becoming the most recent Test team to play Twenty20 cricket. After winning the Test series against England in August 2007, Rahul Dravid stepped down as the captain of the team following which Mahendra Singh Dhoni was made the captain of the Twenty20 and ODI team. In September 2007, it won the first ever Twenty20 World Cup held in South Africa, beating Pakistan by 5 runs in the final. Then they toured Australia with a controversial series that they lost 2–1 in test but come back for a whitewash final against them.[25] After beating Sri Lanka 2–0 in December 2009, India become the No. 1 team in the world. then retained by drawing a series to South Africa and Sri Lanka confirmed their rankings. In October 2010 India won the test series 2–0 against Australia giving them back to back series win vs them. Then they got the first drawn series in South Africa.[26] When India slipped to a 4–0 defeat to England in August 2011, England replaced India as the No. 1 Test team.[27] India's results in international matches Matches Won Lost Drawn Tied No result Inaugural Match Test[28] 469 116 149 203 1 – 25 June 1932 ODI[29] 811 401 369 - 6 35 13 July 1974 T20I[30] 45 24 19 – 1 1 1 December 2006 On 2 April 2011, India won the 2011 Cricket World Cup, defeating Sri Lanka in the final, thus becoming the second team after West Indies and Australia to win it twice, the previous win being in 1983. Gautam Gambhir and the skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni led the way with classy innings of 97 and 91*, respectively. As Sri Lanka's stalwart batsman Mahela Jayawardene scored a brilliant 88-ball 103-run century and yet ended up on the losing side, he also became the first player in World Cup final history to end up on the losing side despite scoring a century.[31] The retirement of Rahul Dravid and VVS Laxman from Test cricket in 2012 – and Saurav Ganguly before than in 2008 – signalled the end of the fabled middle order batting line up Indian had for a decade. Now, only Sachin Tendulkar, the last of the so-called "Fab Four" who resurrected Indian cricket after the infamous match fixing scandals, remains in international cricket.[19] Governing body Main article: Board of Control for Cricket in India The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for the Indian cricket team and first class cricket in India. The Board has been operating since 1929 and represents India at the International Cricket Council. It is amongst the richest sporting organisations in the world, and it sold media rights for India's matches from 2006–2010 for US$ 612,000,000.[32] It manages the Indian team's sponsorships, its future tours and team selection. The International Cricket Council determines India's upcoming matches through its future tours program. However, the BCCI, with its influential financial position in the cricketing world, has often challenged the ICC's program and called for more tours between India, Australia, Pakistan and England which are more likely to earn more revenue as opposed to tours with Bangladesh or Zimbabwe.[33] In the past, the BCCI has also come into conflict with the ICC regarding sponsorships[34] and the legitimacy of the ICC Champions Trophy. Selection Committee Main article: Indian national cricket selectors Selection for the Indian cricket team occurs through the BCCI's zonal selection policy, where each of the five zones is represented with one selector and one of the members nominated by BCCI as the Chairman of the Selection Committee. This has sometimes led to controversy as to whether these selectors are biased towards their zones.[35] The current chairman of Selection Committee is Sandeep Patil. Roger Binny, Vikram Rathore, Saba Karim and Rajinder Hans are the other members of the selection committee[36] whose terms started in September 2012 with BCCI holding the rights for a one-year extension. Tournament history World Cup record Year Round Position GP W L T NR England 1975 Round 1 6/8 3 1 2 0 0 England 1979 Round 1 7/8 3 0 3 0 0 England 1983 Champions 1/8 8 6 2 0 0 IndiaPakistan 1987 Third Place 3/8 7 5 2 0 0 Australia New Zealand 1992 Round 1 7/9 8 2 5 0 1 IndiaPakistanSri Lanka 1996 Third Place 3/12 7 4 3 0 0 England 1999 R2 (Super 6s) 6/12 8 4 4 0 0 South AfricaZimbabweKenya 2003 Runners-Up 2/14 11 9 2 0 0 West Indies Cricket Board 2007 Round 1 10/16 3 1 2 0 0 IndiaSri LankaBangladesh 2011 Champions 1/14 9 7 1 1 0 AustraliaNew Zealand 2015 - – – – – – – England 2019 - – – – – – – Total 12/12 2 titles 67 39 26 1 1 World Twenty20 record Year Round Position GP W L T NR South Africa 2007 Champions 1/12 7 4 1 1 1 England 2009 Super 8s 7/12 5 2 3 0 0 West Indies Cricket Board 2010 Super 8s 8/12 5 2 3 0 0 Sri Lanka 2012 Super 8s 5/12 5 4 1 0 0 Bangladesh 2014 - - - - - - - India 2016 - - - - - - - Total 6/6 1 title 22 12 8 1 1 Other Major Tournaments ICC Champions Trophy Asia Cup 1998: Semi Finals 2000: Runners Up 2002: Joint Champions with Sri Lanka 2004: Round 1 2006: Round 1 2009: Round 1 2013: Champions 1984: Champions 1986: Boycott 1988: Champions 1990/1991: Champions 1995: Champions 1997: Runners Up 2000: 3rd Place 2004: Runners Up 2008: Runners Up 2010: Champions 2012: 3rd Place Defunct Tournaments Commonwealth Games† Asian Test Championship Austral-Asia Cup 1998: Round 1 1999: 3rd Place 2001: Boycott 1986:Runners Up 1990:Round 1 1994:Runners Up †Cricket was played only at the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Individual records Sachin Tendulkar celebrates his 38th Test century during a match against Australia in 2008. Tendulkar holds multiple world records including the world's leading run-scorer and century maker in both Tests and ODIs.[37] Main article: Indian cricket team records Sachin Tendulkar, who began playing for India as a 16-year-old in 1989 and has since become the most prolific run-scorer in the history of both Test and ODI cricket, is easily the batsman with the most national achievements. He holds the record of most appearances in both Tests and ODIs, most runs in both Tests and ODIs and most centuries in Tests and ODIs. The highest score by an Indian is the 319 scored by Virender Sehwag in Chennai. It is the second triple century in Test cricket by an Indian, the first being a 309 also made by Sehwag although against Pakistan. The team's highest ever score was a 726/9 against Sri Lanka at Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai in 2009, while its lowest was 42 against England in 1974. In ODIs, the team's highest is 418/5 against West Indies at Indore in 2011-12. India score 413-5 in a match against Bermuda in 2007 World Cup which is the highest score ever in Cricket World Cup history. In the same match, India set a world record of the highest winning margin of 257 runs in an ODI match. India also has had some very strong bowling figures, with spin bowler Anil Kumble being a member of the elite group of 3 bowlers who have taken 600 Test wickets. In 1999, Anil Kumble emulated Jim Laker to become the second bowler to take all ten wickets in a Test match innings when he took 10 wickets for 74 runs against Pakistan at the Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi. Many of the Indian cricket team's records are also world records, for example Sachin Tendulkar's century tally (in Tests and ODIs) and run tally (also in both Tests and ODIs). Mahendra Singh Dhoni's 183 not out against Sri Lanka in 2005 is the world record score by a wicketkeeper in ODIs. The Indian cricket team also holds the record sequence of 17 successful run-chases in ODIs,[38] which ended in a dramatic match against the West Indies in May 2006, which India lost by just 1 run when Yuvraj Singh was bowled by Dwayne Bravo's full toss. Sachin Tendulkar was the first batsman to score 200 runs (He was unbeaten at 200* which he achieved from 147 deliveries) (25x4 | 3x6), in a single innings, in an ODI on 24 February 2010 against South Africa in Gwalior. On 8 December 2011, this achievement was eclipsed by compatriot Virender Sehwag, who scored 219 runs from 149 deliveries (25x4 | 7x6) versus West Indies in Indore, making the ODI double century club exclusively Indian. Team colours Since colours have made their way in International Cricket, Indian National Cricket Team has chosen blue as their primary colour and have worn one or the other shade of blue. The blue colour of their uniform has also earned them the nickname of "Men in Blue". With the advent of the World Series Cup in the 1970s, each team was to don a primary and secondary colour on their uniforms. The Indian team elected to wear light-blue as their primary colour and yellow as their secondary colour. Even during the 1999 Cricket World Cup the secondary colour on the Indian cricket team's clothing has been yellow. However, this has since been removed and replaced with the tricolour. However, in the past the Indian ODI outfits were changed to different shades of blue, mostly darker than the current,[citation needed] and the team donned purple during 1992, and then the sky blue colour for the next decade. Indian team has got a new kit from 2009 which is feroza blue with India written on it in Orange.[39] Currently, from October 2010, the team is once again using a light blue shade though not as light as the previous sky blue one, with India written in orange, and shades of the tri-colour at the sides. The kit sponsor for the Indian Cricket Team is Nike, which in 2005 bought the kit rights in a $27.2 million contract with BCCI.[40] Due to their love for blue color Nike with Board for Control of Cricket in India launched the mega campaign called "Bleed Blue" for the support of Indian team in ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 which turned out to be a huge success and people over the internet and places adopted this to cheer for India.[41] A new ultramarine blue coloured jersey of the one-day cricket team was released on 20 October 2010 .,[42] for the upcoming tours and ICC Cricket World Cup, the jersey has been designed by team's apparel and kit sponsor Nike. Previously, the Indian cricket team has worn a darker shade of blue and before that the team has worn sky blue. The vertical tri-colour band has been made on both sides in comparison to just one side in previous shirt. The name of sponsor Sahara had been removed from the chest as per ICC norms and is now on the left arm and on the right arm Nike logo is visible. The name and jersey number of the player is printed in orange at the back while on the chest the logo of BCCI is on the left side and the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 logo in white can be seen on the right side. The one-day cap was also sky blue with the BCCI logo on the front. When playing first-class cricket, in addition to their cricket whites, Indian fielders sometimes wear a sunhat, which is dark blue and has a wide brim, with the BCCI logo in the middle of the front of the hat. Helmets are coloured similarly. Some players sport the Indian flag on their helmet. The current kit sponsor for the Indian team is Nike, Inc. Test cricket grounds Main article: List of international cricket grounds in India India national cricket team is located in India Barabati Wankhede Brabourne/Gymkhana Eden Gardens Feroz Shah Kotla Gandhi Green Park KDSB/University LB Shastri M Chinnaswamy MAC Nehru PCA Sardar Patel Sawai Mansingh Sector 16 Vidarbha CA Locations of all stadiums which have hosted a Test match within India There are numerous world-renowned cricket stadiums located in India. Most grounds are under the administration of various State Cricket Boards as opposed to being under the control of the BCCI. The Bombay Gymkhana was the first ground in India to host a full-scale cricket match featuring an Indian cricket team. This was between the Parsis and the Europeans in 1877. The first stadium to host a Test match in India was also the Gymkhana Ground in Bombay in 1933, the only Test it ever hosted. The second and third Tests in the 1933 series were hosted at Eden Gardens and Chepauk. The Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi was the first stadium to host a Test match after independence, a draw against the West Indies in 1948, the first of a 5-Test series. 21 stadiums in India have hosted at least one official Test match. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of world-class cricket stadiums in India, with multiple Test venues in Lucknow, Chandigarh, Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Nagpur. Eden Gardens in Kolkata has hosted the most Tests, and also has the largest seating capacity of any cricket stadium in the world, being capable of holding more than 90,000 spectators.[43] Founded in 1864, it is one of the most historical stadiums in India, having hosted numerous historical and controversial matches.[44] Other major stadiums in India include the Feroz Shah Kotla, which was established in 1883 and hosted memorable matches including Anil Kumble's ten wickets in an innings haul against Pakistan. For the last two years, the ground has been undergoing renovation.[45] The Bombay Gymkhana hosted the first ever Test match in India which is the only Test it has hosted to date. Wankhede Stadium, established in 1974, has a capacity to hold 33,000 spectators and is currently the most popular venue in the city. It has hosted 21 Test matches. It was the unofficial successor of the Brabourne Stadium, which is also located in Mumbai. Mumbai is often considered the cricketing capital of India because of its fans and the talent it produces (see Mumbai cricket team) and thus the stadium regularly hosts major Test matches.[46] The M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chepauk is also considered to be an important historical Indian cricket ground, established in the early 1900s it was the site of India's first Test victory.[47] Stadium City Test matches Ref Eden Gardens Kolkata 37 [48] Feroz Shah Kotla Ground Delhi 31 [49] M. A. Chidambaram Stadium Chepauk, Chennai 31 [50] Wankhede Stadium Mumbai 23 [51] Green Park Kanpur 21 [52] M. Chinnaswamy Stadium Bangalore 20 [53] Brabourne Stadium Mumbai 18 [54] Sardar Patel Stadium (Gujarat) Motera, Ahmedabad 12 [55] Punjab Cricket Association Stadium Mohali, Punjab 10 [56] Nehru Stadium Chennai 9 [57] Vidarbha C.A. Stadium Nagpur 3 [58] Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium Hyderabad 3 [59] Barabati Stadium Cuttack 2 [60] Rajiv Gandhi Stadium Hyderabad 2 [61] Bombay Gymkhana Mumbai 1 [62] Gandhi Stadium Jalandhar, (Punjab) 1 [63] K. D. Singh Babu Stadium Lucknow 1 [64] Sawai Mansingh Stadium Jaipur 1 [65] Sector 16 Stadium Chandigarh, (Punjab) 1 [66] University Ground Lucknow 1 [67] Personnel This lists all the players who have played for India in the past 12 months, and the forms in which they have played. Correct as of 6 June 2013. Key C/G = Contract grade S/N = Shirt number Name Age Batting Style Bowling Style Domestic team Zone C/G Forms S/N IPL team Captain and wicket-keeper Mahendra Singh Dhoni 31 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Jharkhand East A Test, ODI, T20I 7 Chennai Super Kings Vice-captain and Middle-order batsman Virat Kohli 24 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Delhi North A Test, ODI, T20I 18 Royal Challengers Bangalore Opening batsmen Shikhar Dhawan 27 Left Hand Bat Off Break Delhi North C Test, ODI 25 Sunrisers Hyderabad Gautam Gambhir 31 Left Hand Bat Leg Break Delhi North A Test, ODI, T20I 5 Kolkata Knight Riders Ajinkya Rahane 25 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Mumbai West B Test, ODI, T20I 17 Rajasthan Royals Virender Sehwag 34 Right Hand Bat Off Break Delhi North A Test, ODI, T20I N/A[68] Delhi Daredevils Murali Vijay 29 Right Hand Bat Off Break Tamil Nadu South C Test 26 Chennai Super Kings Middle-order batsmen Cheteshwar Pujara 25 Right Hand Bat Leg Break Saurashtra West B Test Royal Challengers Bangalore Suresh Raina 26 Left Hand Bat Off Break Uttar Pradesh Central A Test, ODI, T20I 48 Chennai Super Kings Rohit Sharma 26 Right Hand Bat Off Break Mumbai West B ODI, T20I 45 Mumbai Indians Sachin Tendulkar 40 Right Hand Bat Leg Break/Off Break Mumbai West A Test 10 Mumbai Indians Manoj Tiwary 27 Right Hand Bat Leg Break Bengal East C ODI, T20I 90 Kolkata Knight Riders All-rounders Ravindra Jadeja 24 Left Hand Bat Slow Left Arm Saurashtra West B Test, ODI, T20I 8 Chennai Super Kings Irfan Pathan 28 Left Hand Bat Left Medium Fast Baroda West B ODI, T20I 56 Delhi Daredevils Yuvraj Singh 31 Left Hand Bat Slow Left Arm Punjab North A Test, ODI, T20I 12 Pune Warriors Wicket-keepers Dinesh Karthik 28 Right Hand Bat Tamil Nadu South C ODI 19 Mumbai Indians Pace bowlers Shami Ahmed 23 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Bengal East – ODI 11 Kolkata Knight Riders Parvinder Awana 26 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Medium Delhi North – T20I 43 Kings XI Punjab Lakshmipathy Balaji 31 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Tamil Nadu South C T20I 55 Kolkata Knight Riders Ashok Dinda 29 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Medium Bengal East C ODI, T20I 2 Pune Warriors Zaheer Khan 34 Right Hand Bat Left Fast Medium Mumbai West A Test, ODI, T20I 34 Royal Challengers Bangalore Bhuvneshwar Kumar 22 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Uttar Pradesh Central – Test, ODI, T20I 15 Pune Warriors Ishant Sharma 24 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Medium Delhi North B Test, ODI, T20I 1 Sunrisers Hyderabad Umesh Yadav 25 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Vidarbha Central B Test, ODI, T20I 73 Delhi Daredevils Spin bowlers Ravichandran Ashwin 26 Right Hand Bat Off Break Tamil Nadu South A Test, ODI, T20I 99 Chennai Super Kings Piyush Chawla 24 Left Hand Bat Leg Break Uttar Pradesh Central C Test, T20I 24 Kings XI Punjab Pragyan Ojha 26 Left Hand Bat Slow Left Arm Hyderabad South B Test, ODI 30 Mumbai Indians Rahul Sharma 26 Right Hand Bat Leg Break Punjab North C ODI 4 Pune Warriors Harbhajan Singh 32 Right Hand Bat Off Break Punjab North B Test, T20I 3 Mumbai Indians Other contracted players This lists other players who have not played for India in the past year but hold a Central Contract by BCCI. Name Age Batting Style Bowling Style Domestic team Zone C/G S/N IPL team Opening batsmen Abhinav Mukund 23 Left Hand Bat Leg Break Tamil Nadu South C Royal Challengers Bangalore Middle-order batsmen Subramaniam Badrinath 32 Right Hand Bat Off Break Tamil Nadu South C 33 Chennai Super Kings Ambati Rayudu 27 Right Hand Bat Off Break Baroda West C Mumbai Indians All-rounders Yusuf Pathan 30 Right Hand Bat Off Break Baroda West C 27 Kolkata Knight Riders Wicket-keepers Parthiv Patel 28 Left Hand Bat Gujarat West C 42 Sunrisers Hyderabad Wriddhiman Saha 28 Right Hand Bat Bengal East C 6 Chennai Super Kings Pace bowlers Varun Aaron 23 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Jharkhand East C 77 Delhi Daredevils Praveen Kumar 26 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Uttar Pradesh Central C 8 Kings XI Punjab Vinay Kumar 29 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Karnataka South C 23 Royal Challengers Bangalore Abhimanyu Mithun 23 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Karnataka South C 25 Royal Challengers Bangalore Munaf Patel 29 Right Hand Bat Right Medium Fast Baroda West C 13 Mumbai Indians Sreesanth 30 Right Hand Bat Right Fast Medium Kerala South C 36 Rajasthan Royals Spin bowlers Amit Mishra 30 Right Hand Bat Leg Break Haryana North C 9 Sunrisers Hyderabad The BCCI awards central contracts to its players, its pay graded according to the importance of the player. Players' salaries are as follows: Grade A – INR1 Crore per annum ($180,000) Grade B – INR50 Lakhs per annum ($90,000) Grade C – INR25 Lakhs per annum ($45,000) Coaching staff Head coach: Duncan Fletcher Bowling coach: John Dawes Mental conditioning coach: Vacant Fielding coach: Trevor Penney Fitness trainer: Ramji Srinivasan Head Physiotherapist: Evan Speechly Masseur: Ramesh Mane Performance analyst: C.K.M. Dhananjai Statistics Test Matches Test record versus other nations[69] vs Test nations Opponent M W L T D W/L Ratio v Australia 86 24 38 1 23 0.63 v Bangladesh 7 6 0 0 1 – v England 107 20 40 0 47 0.50 v New Zealand 52 18 9 0 25 2.00 v Pakistan 59 9 12 0 38 0.75 v South Africa 27 7 12 0 8 0.58 v Sri Lanka 35 14 6 0 15 2.33 v West Indies 88 14 30 0 44 0.47 v Zimbabwe 11 7 2 0 2 3.50 Total 472 119 149 1 203 0.8 Most Test runs for India[70] Player Runs Average Sachin Tendulkar 15,837 53.86 Rahul Dravid 13,265 52.63 Sunil Gavaskar 10,122 51.12 V. V. S. Laxman 8,781 45.97 Virender Sehwag 8,503 49.43 Sourav Ganguly 7,212 42.17 Dilip Vengsarkar 6,868 42.13 Mohammad Azharuddin 6,215 45.03 Gundappa Vishwanath 6,080 41.93 Kapil Dev 5,248 31.05 Most Test wickets for India[71] Player Wickets Average Anil Kumble 619 29.65 Kapil Dev 434 29.64 Harbhajan Singh 413 32.37 Zaheer Khan 295 32.35 Bishen Singh Bedi 266 28.71 Bhagwat Chandrasekhar 242 29.74 Javagal Srinath 236 30.49 Erapalli Prasanna 189 30.38 Vinoo Mankad 162 32.32 S. Venkataraghavan 156 36.11 One-Day Internationals ODI record versus other nations[72] The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win vs Test nations Opponent M W L T NR Win % v Australia 109 37 64 0 8 36.63 v Bangladesh 24 21 3 0 0 87.50 v England 86 46 35 2 3 56.62 v New Zealand 88 46 37 0 5 55.42 v Pakistan 124 49 71 0 4 40.83 v South Africa 66 24 40 0 2 37.50 v Sri Lanka 139 75 52 1 11 58.98 v West Indies 106 46 57 1 2 44.71 v Zimbabwe 51 39 10 2 0 78.43 v {Associate Members} 24 22 2 0 0 91.66 Total 817 405 371 6 35 52.17 Most ODI runs for India[73] As of 29 January 2013 Player Runs Average Sachin Tendulkar 18,426 44.83 Sourav Ganguly 11,221 40.95 Rahul Dravid 10,768 39.15 Mohammad Azharuddin 9378 36.92 Yuvraj Singh 8119 36.90 Virender Sehwag 7995 35.37 M. S. Dhoni 7085 51.34 Ajay Jadeja 5359 37.47 Gautam Gambhir 5238 39.68 Navjot Sidhu 4413 37.08 Most ODI wickets for India[74] Player Wickets Average Anil Kumble 334 30.83 Javagal Srinath 315 28.08 Ajit Agarkar 288 27.85 Zaheer Khan 265 29.70 Harbhajan Singh 255 33.52 Kapil Dev 253 27.45 Venkatesh Prasad 196 32.30 Irfan Pathan 165 29.89 Manoj Prabhakar 157 28.87 Ashish Nehra 155 31.60 Twenty20 Internationals T20I record versus other nations[75] vs Test nations Opponent M W L T NR Win % v Australia 7 3 4 0 0 42.86 v Bangladesh 1 1 0 0 0 100 v England 7 3 4 0 0 42.85 v New Zealand 4 0 4 0 0 0 v Pakistan 5 3 1 1 0 70.00 v South Africa 7 5 2 0 0 71.42 v Sri Lanka 5 3 2 0 0 60.00 v West Indies 3 1 2 0 0 33.33 v Zimbabwe 2 2 0 0 0 100 v {Associate Members} 4 3 0 0 1 100 Total 45 24 19 1 1 53.33 Most T20I runs for India[76] Player Runs Average Gautam Gambhir 932 27.41 Suresh Raina 840 33.60 Yuvraj Singh 791 30.42 M. S. Dhoni 748 31.16 Virat Kohli 558 34.87 Rohit Sharma 531 29.50 Most T20I wickets for India[77] Player Wickets Average Irfan Pathan 28 22.07 Yuvraj Singh 23 16.21 Harbhajan Singh 22 26.04 Ashok Dinda 17 14.41 Zaheer Khan 17 26.35 R. P. Singh 15 15.00 Players in bold text are still active with India. Captains Main article: List of India national cricket captains Sourav Ganguly holds the record for most Tests as India captain (49) and most wins (21).[78] Rahul Dravid served as the captain of the Indian cricket team from 2005 to 2007. Twenty-eight men have captained the Indian cricket team in at least 1 Test match, although only 6 have led the team in more than 25 matches, and 5 have captained the team in ODIs but not Tests. India's first captain was CK Nayudu, who led the team in four matches against England, one in England in 1932 and a series of 3 matches at home in 1933/4. Lala Amarnath, India's fourth captain, led the team in its first Test match after Indian independence. He also captained the side to its first Test victory and first series win, both in a 3-match series at home against Pakistan in 1952/3. The Nawab of Pataudi was captain for 36 matches from 1961/2 to 1969/70, returning for a final 4 matches against West Indies in 1974/5. India played its first ODI in 1974, under the captaincy of Ajit Wadekar. India won its first ODI under the captaincy of Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan in the 1975 Cricket World Cup, against East Africa. Sunil Gavaskar took over as Test and ODI captain in the late 1979s and early 1980s, leading India in 47 Test matches and 38 ODIs, winning 9 Tests and 14 ODIs. He was succeeded by Kapil Dev in the 1980s, who continued for 34 Test matches, including 4 victories. Kapil Dev led India to victory in 40 of his 74 ODIs in charge, including the 1983 Cricket World Cup. File:Stumping edited.jpg Mahendra Singh Dhoni (blue helmet) serves as the current captain and wicketkeeper of the Indian cricket team. Dilip Vengsarkar took over the captaincy from Kapil Dev after the 1987 Cricket World Cup. Although he started with two centuries in his first series as captain, his captaincy period was turbulent[citation needed] and he lost the job following a disastrous tour of the West Indies in early 1989 and a stand-off with the Indian cricket board (BCCI). Krishnamachari Srikkanth was made the captain of the Indian team in 1989.He was the captain of the team for India's tour of Pakistan in 1989 and managed to draw all the four Tests of the series. Because of his batting failures in the series[citation needed],the selectors dropped him and made Mohammad Azharuddin captain of the Indian team. India has had six regular Test captains since Mohammad Azharuddin took charge in 1989. Azharuddin led the team in 47 Test matches from 1989/90 to 1998/9, winning 14, and in 173 ODIs, winning 89. He was followed by Sachin Tendulkar, who captained India in 25 Test matches and 73 ODIs in the late 1990s; Tendulkar was relatively unsuccessful[citation needed] as a captain, winning only 4 Test matches and 23 ODIs. He was replaced as ODI captain by Ajay Jadeja and then Sourav Ganguly; Ganguly became the regular captain in both forms of cricket in 2000. Ganguly remained captain for the first 5 years of the 2000s and was the most successful captain, winning 21 of his 49 Test matches in charge and 73 of his 141 ODIs. He even lead India to the final of the ICC Cricket World Cup in 2003. Rahul Dravid took over as Test captain in 2005. In his fourth full series in charge, he led India to victory in the West Indies, the first instance of India winning in the Caribbean in over 30 years. In September 2007, Mahendra Singh Dhoni was named as the new captain of the Twenty20 and ODI team after Dravid stepped down from the post. Anil Kumble was appointed Test captain in November 2007, but retired from international cricket in November 2008 after the 3rd Test between India and Australia. Dhoni succeeded him as the test captain, making him the official captain in all forms of cricket. Fan following Main article: Cricket in India Supporters of the Indian cricket team wave the Indian flag during match between India and Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Due to large Indian diaspora in nations like Australia, South Africa, and England, a large Indian fan turnout is expected whenever India plays in each of these nations. There have been a number of official fan groups that have been formed over the years, including the Swami Army or Bharat Army, the Indian equivalent of the Barmy Army, that were very active in their support when India toured Australia in 2003/2004. They are known to attribute a number of popular Indian songs to the cricket team.[79] Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary a fan of the Indian Cricket team, travels to all Indian home games with his body painted as the Indian Flag. Fan rivalry and cross-border tension has created a strong rivalry between the Indian cricket team and the Pakistani cricket team. . In tours between these two nations, cricket visas are often employed to accommodate for the tens of thousands of fans wishing to cross the border to watch cricket. This intense fan dedication is one of the major causes of the Indian Cricket Board's (BCCI) financial success.[80] However, there are downsides to having such a cricket-loving population. Many Indians hold cricket very close to their hearts and losses are not received well by the Indian population. In some cases, particularly after losses to Pakistan or after a long string of weak performances, there have been reports of player effigies being burnt in the streets and vandalism of player homes.[81] In many cases, players have come under intense attention from the media for negative reasons, this has been considered as one of the reasons for Sourav Ganguly being left out of the Indian team. At times, when a match is surrounded by controversy, it has resulted in a debacle. For example, when India slid to defeat against Australia at Brabourne Stadium in 1969, fans began throwing stones and bottles onto the field as well as setting fire to the stands, before laying siege to the Australian dressing rooms. During the same tour, a stampede occurred at Eden Gardens when tickets were oversold and India fell to another loss; the Australian team bus was later stoned with bricks.[82] A similar event occurred during the 1996 Cricket World Cup, where India were losing the semi-final to Sri Lanka at Eden Gardens. In this case, the fan behaviour was directed at the Indian team in disappointment at their lacklustre performance. An armed guard had to be placed at the home of captain Mohammad Azharuddin to ensure his safety.[82] Indian fans have also been passionate in their following of Sachin Tendulkar, who has been commonly thought of as one of the best batsmen in the world. Glorified for the bulk of his career, a riot occurred in early 1999 in a Test against Pakistan at Eden Gardens after a collision with Pakistani paceman Shoaib Akhtar saw him run out, forcing police to eject spectators and the game to be played in an empty stadium. Although in 2006, a string of low scores resulted in Tendulkar being booed by the Mumbai crowd when he got out against England[83] Often, fans engage in protests regarding players if they believe that regionalism has affected selection, or because of regional partisan support for local players. In 2005, when Sourav Ganguly was dropped due to lack of form, Ganguly's home state of West Bengal erupted in protests.[84] India later played a match against South Africa in Kolkata, West Bengal. The Indian team was booed by the Bengali crowd who supported South Africa instead of India in response to Ganguly's dropping. Similar regional divisions in India regarding selection have also caused protests against the team, with political activists from the regional Kalinga Kamgar Sena party in Odisha disrupting the arrival of the team in Cuttack for an ODI over the lack of a local player in the team, with one activist manhandling coach Greg Chappell.[85] Similar treatment was handed to India's Marathi captain Sunil Gavaskar in the 1980s by Bengali crowds, with consecutive Tests in Calcutta requiring police intervention due to crowd rioting.[83] However, it should be noted that a successful string of results, victories against arch-rivals Pakistan or victory in major tournaments such as the World Cup are greeted with particular ecstasy from the Indian fans.[86] Indian women's cricket team Eight female cricketers stand on a field. Two players are in red practice jerseys; three other players in red jerseys are facing toward them; a player in a blue shirt is facing away and hides another player in a blue game shirt. In the upper left corner is a fan with an Indian flag. Members of the Indian cricket team before a Women's Cricket World Cup game in Sydney Main article: Indian women's cricket team The Indian women's cricket team has a much lower profile than the men's team. For all national women's cricket teams, the female players are paid much less their male counterparts, and the women's teams do not receive as much popular support or recognition as the men's team. The women's teams also have a less packed schedule compared to men's teams and play fewer matches. The Indian women's cricket team played its first Test match in 1976/7, when they drew with the West Indies in a six-match series. The Women's Cricket World Cup was held in India in 1978 and featured 4 teams. India lost both the matches they have played. Their next appearance in the Test and ODI circuit was against Australia in 1984, in which the Test series was tied but the ODI series was lost in a whitewash. The Indian women's cricket team has since picked up their form, reaching the finals in the last World Cup, but then losing to Australia. The Women's Asia Cup of 2005–06 was won by India, who beat Sri Lanka in the final. They also beat the West Indies in the 2004–05 season, winning the 5 ODI series 5–0.
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